Essentially, those with no other alternatives. Those are the young people who we've been told end up enlisting.
But is that borne out by the data?
A new study by the Heritage Foundation, a comprehensive look at several sets of recruiting classes, makes clear that isn't the case.
Indeed, for every two recruits coming from the poorest neighborhoods, there are three recruits coming from the richest neighborhoods.
That isn't to say that most recruits aren't coming proportionately from rural states. But, as the authors point out, that's hardly news. That's been true for years, if not generations.
But you still have to ask who it is who's enlisting.
If, for example, we consider the education of every recruit, 98% joined with high-school diplomas or better. By comparison, 75% of the general population meets that standard. Among all three-digit ZIP code areas in the USA in 2003 (one can study larger areas by isolating just the first three digits of ZIP codes), not one had a higher graduation rate among civilians than among its recruits.
In fact, since the 9/11 attacks, more volunteers have emerged from the middle and upper classes and fewer from the lowest-income groups. In 1999, both the highest fifth of the nation in income and the lowest fifth were slightly underrepresented among military volunteers. Since 2001, enlistments have increased in the top two-fifths of income levels but have decreased among the lowest fifth.
These are going to be kids with options.
And, once again, the authors answer the charges made by Rep. Rangel that enlistees are overwhelmingly (or disproportionately) minority.
Allegations that recruiters are disproportionately targeting blacks also don't hold water. First, whites make up 77.4% of the nation's population and 75.8% of its military volunteers, according to our analysis of Department of Defense data.
Second, we explored the 100 three-digit ZIP code areas with the highest concentration of blacks, which range from 24.1% black up to 68.6%. These areas, which account for 14.6% of the adult population, produced 16.6% of recruits in 1999 and only 14.1% in 2003.